Because of the beautiful material, mahogany furniture has a unique charm, and the cultural value and historical value derived from the beauty of the furniture, relying on the value of wood is recognized by the world. The relationship between wood and furniture complements each other and interprets the overall context of the development of mahogany. Huanghua pear, lobular rosewood, and red rosewood, these three most recognized "old three", known as "three tribute wood", not only historically is the cherished mahogany material of the imperial power, in the contemporary market It has also been regarded as a classic material in the mahogany by consumers, and its historical status, cultural meaning and market value are beyond doubt. Basic Information Chinese name: Dalbergia Latin name: Dalbergia English name: Scented rosewood Family: the genus Fabacceae Dalbergia Commonly known as: Huali (Li), Laohuali (Li), pear (Li) mother, fragrant, fragrant, fragrant, fragrant rosewood, huanghuali (Li), Hainan huanghuali (Li) Place of Origin: Hainan Island, China As early as in the Tang Dynasty, there were records of Huanghua Pear in the book. In the "Herbal Supplements", it was said that "Huahua is from Annan and Hainan, and it is used as a bed. It is like red sandalwood and red, and it is very strong." "Ge Gu Yao Lun", said that "Pearl is from Nanfan Guangdong, purple red, similar to the true fragrance, but also has a fragrance. Its flowers have a cute face, the flowers are thick and the color is low." Qing edition of "Zhongzhou Fuzhi" ·Products · Woods: "Rosewood, purple-red, similar to the true fragrance, with a slight fragrance, produced in Lishan." From other literature, it can be known that its main producing area is Hainan Island. According to the Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture expert Wang Shizhen in the "Ming-style furniture treasure", the "Guangzhou Flora" edited by Hou Kuanzhao, published in 1956, mentioned in the sandalwood a sandalwood called rosewood in Hainan Island. The new name is “Hainan Tanâ€. The description of this book is: “Hainan Island special product... is a forest plant, likes to be born in the valley of the valley, the wood is quite good, the sapwood is light, the texture is slightly loose, and the heartwood is red. Brown, hard, delicate and beautiful texture, suitable for carving and furniture." "China Tropical and Subtropical Wood" edited by Cheng Junqing published in 1980, has revised the definition of Hou Kuanzhao, it is recommended to name this tree species "Dangxiang Dalbergia". As a furniture material, Huanghua Pear is characterized by “not static, just right, texture or hidden or vivid, vivid and changeable.†In addition to the characteristics of the texture, it is not easy to crack, not easy to deform, easy to process, easy to engrave, Aroma and other characteristics. In the Ming Dynasty, where the form and function of furniture became more and more unified, Huanghuali Furniture was undoubtedly the forerunner of this revolution in furniture history. Ming and Qing furniture reached the height of the generations of craftsmanship, styling and materials that are difficult to meet and pass. In the Ming Dynasty, craftsmen used the phosgene technique in the production of huanghuali furniture, which mainly used and exerted the characteristics of the wood itself, highlighting the texture and color beauty of Hainan huanghuali, giving an elegant and simple feeling. Haiyan, a well-known mahogany collector, commented on Huanghua Pear: "The scent of Huanghuali is flowing and flowing, gorgeous and gorgeous. Thousands of years of rain and shine, leaving a ghost in her luster and wood. The typhoon twists the staggered lines formed by the trunk. The grimace lines formed by the branches and knots, as well as the wheat ear pattern, the crab claw pattern, the mountain pattern, the flowing water pattern, etc., the ancients used various bionic imaginations to compare these lines, which is enough to let the beautiful artistic conception of the heart and soul communicate with the past and the present." The appearance and promotion of Huanghuali furniture is inseparable from the "Su Zuo" of the three major schools of Ming and Qing furniture. The area along the Jiangnan area such as Suzhou is the birthplace of Ming-style fine wood and mahogany furniture. At that time, the literati in the Jiangnan area participated in the design and production of furniture. They studied and summarized the characteristics of Huanghua Pear together with the craftsmen, and combined the aesthetics and production techniques of the literati to form the “elegant†characteristics of Su Zuo furniture. Due to the cherishment of furniture materials such as huanghuali, some production techniques such as "squatting" and "packing" are also unique to Su. Huanghua pear itself is like jade texture and elegant fragrance, which has become the most concrete expression of literati furniture. Basic Information Chinese name: sandalwood rosewood Latin name: Pterocarpus santalinus LF English name: Red Sandalwood, Red Sanders Family: Leguminosae, Rosewood, Rosewood Commonly known as: red sandalwood, lobular rosewood, gold star gold rosewood, cattle hairy rosewood Origin: South India As early as the Jin Dynasty, the red sandalwood appeared in the ancient books. In the Tang Dynasty, "Tang Bencao", the Ming Dynasty "Da Ming Yi Tongzhi", "Compendium of Materia Medica" have records of red sandalwood. At first, people used rosewood as a spice until the Tang Dynasty, when wood products appeared in the court. Most of the red sandalwood is produced in tropical Asia, such as India. Historical records have also been produced in Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi. The growth period of the red sandalwood is extremely slow. Since ancient times, China has considered that red sandalwood is the most valuable wood. In the folk, there is a saying that "one or two red sandalwood three silver" and "one inch red sandalwood one inch gold". Because the red sandalwood is too expensive, the number of red sandalwood artifacts that have been handed down is now less than that of yellow pears. If it is a large object, because the material is rare, it is even more like a bead. The red sandalwood and even all the hardwood furniture really entered the historical stage. It was opened in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and the high-grade wood from Southeast Asia entered China. The emergence of the "Kangxigan" flourished world, the increasingly frequent foreign trade, so that the high-quality wood in the Nanyang region continues to flow into the territory, providing sufficient raw materials for the production of Qing Dynasty furniture. At the same time, the handicraft technology in the early Qing Dynasty developed rapidly and the rulers praised it, which also played a role in promoting the development of rosewood furniture. The red sandalwood has become a favorite material of the royal family because of its quiet and quaint temperament. Zhang Zhengji, chairman of Mingjia Hongmu, told reporters: "If Huanghuali represents the love of the scholar-class class, then the red sandalwood represents the true royal aesthetic concept." The use of rosewood in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty was particularly admired. According to Zhou Jingnan, deputy researcher of the Palace Museum, according to the records of the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, he calculated that the total number of rosewood purchased by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Qianlong period was 700,505 kg, and from the first year of Qianlong to the 60 years of Qianlong. The House Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs shared 50,1949 pounds of rosewood. It can be seen that the purchase and use of the palace rosewood is quite huge throughout the Qianlong period. Related reading: Ming and Qing Dynasties three tribute Hainan huanghuali, lobular rosewood and red rosewood Basic Information Chinese name: Sian rosewood Latin: Dalbergiacochinchinensis English name: Siam rosewood Family: Dalbergia Commonly known as: red branch, red rosewood, old rosewood Origin: Produced in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Malaysia and Singapore According to research, red rosewood was imported from Nanyang as a substitute after the notice of red sandalwood and rosewood. During the Qianlong period, mahogany furniture gradually became the hall of the royal royal furniture of the Qing Dynasty. In the activity file of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the "Haimeimu" wood species was added. According to Zhou Jingnan: "It seems that the seaweed is what the folks call the rosewood, also known as the purple alder. †Red rosewood is truly recorded as a precious wood, dating back to the middle of the Qing Dynasty. According to Zhou Jingnan, from the perspective of the furniture and archives handed down from the world, Qianlong could hardly see the record of rosewood furniture. The rosewood was imported from Nanyang as a substitute after the rosewood rosewood was almost warned. In the late Qing Dynasty, the number of rosewood furniture soared, and it already occupied an important position in the court furniture of the Qing Dynasty. Different from the literati temperament of Huanghua Pear and the noble blood of red sandalwood, after the red rosewood flowed into China, it first received the favor of the people. In terms of wood properties, the red rosewood furniture meets the Chinese people's natural preference for red, born with "joy", coupled with its own slightly sour aroma, delicate material suitable for engraving, become a wealthy giant Home furnishings that are indispensable in Jia. In fact, for a long time in history, the abbreviation of red rosewood is “redwoodâ€, and the redwood in people's mouth refers to the material of red rosewood. According to Deng Xuesong, chairman of the Traditional Furniture Committee of the China Furniture Association, “In the 1950s and 1960s, the national foreign trade department began importing rosewood, and established a number of furniture manufacturing factories to produce rosewood furniture for export and use Branch furniture 'as the name of the export goods. Because the color of the rosewood is red, at the time there was also the habit of calling the rosewood the old rosewood. At this time, the name of the mahogany furniture is the material corresponding to the rosewood furniture. Not a generic term." Until the introduction of the national standard "Redwood", the definition of five categories and eight types of thirty-three kinds of wood belong to the category of redwood. In the market, there is still a habit of calling the red rosewood "old mahogany". However, from a broad point of view, some people also refer to the Dalbergia genus such as "Australia Dalbergia" and "Bali Dalbergia" as the rosewood or red rosewood. Currently, the highest value in the market is "cross-toe". Dalbergia is called "red rosewood" or "old redwood". According to Han Yujie, head of the quality supervision and testing center for timber and wood products of the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the density of wood is determined by the "fiber wall thickness" of the wood. Generally speaking, the thicker the fiber wall, the harder and harder the wood. . For example, the red sandalwood is more important than the wood, and the wood is fine and suitable for carving. It has a great relationship with the wood fiber thickness of the red sandalwood, and it is also related to the low shrinkage rate of the red sandalwood. The color of the wood heartwood is determined by the gums and other deposits in the conduit. And these also depend on the growing environment of the wood. For example, some rosewood wood will appear "Venus", which is related to the red deposits and minerals in the duct. According to industry insiders, according to experience, there are Venus rosewood, whose growing land is often close to minerals; moreover, the color of wood changes with the external environment. For example, if the wood is cut or used, the surface will be long Oxidized to white, commonly known as "pachet", makes the plate mask cow hair roll pattern, ever-changing, beyond imagination. The pattern of the wood is because the "chord-cut ray" stacks to form a beautiful wave mark pattern. For example, the appearance of the "Grimace" of Huanghua Pear is related to factors such as the growth of branches of the trunk, the difference in color between the early and late, and the easy trunking of the trunk; while other types such as the mesh pattern and the "star seat" pattern form a more cause. In order to be complicated, it can be said that the pattern image of the wood is observed and imagined by the user. The same wood, due to the different parts of use and the position of the material to be cut, the pattern of the pattern is a kind of accidental result, also by the mahogany. Fans call it the "fate" of wood. Among the three major tribute woods, the current value of huanghuali is the most expensive. In the 1970s, the price of Hainan huanghuali was as low as one or two cents a kilogram. After 1997, the source of Hainan huanghuali wood has become less and less, and prices have begun to rise sharply. By 2007, the price of a log with a diameter of 10 cm is about 1 kilogram, about 3,500 yuan, and the price of a 40-centimeter plate is 1 kilogram, 18,000 yuan. According to Yang Bo, chairman of Beijing Yuan Henry Classical Furniture Co., Ltd., there is no sale of wood in tons in the timber market in Hainan, and more is sold in pounds and roots. Due to the scarcity of wood, the market price of Hainan huanghuali does not have a “unified average priceâ€, which depends more on the buyer’s intention. For example, he said: "For example, some people want to buy some small materials and scraps to repair old furniture. Some people make teapots, bracelets and other crafts according to the size and shape of the wood. The buyer will negotiate the price with the seller according to his own ideas. This year I was in Hainan in March, I have seen jasmine pears with a diameter of 7 and 8 cm, and traded at a price of 15,000 yuan per catty. It can be said that nowadays, huanghuali cannot be simply regarded as wood, but by art, collection. The price of the product is bought and sold, and one piece is bought. And few people buy huanghuali to make large pieces of furniture, let alone a few tons of transactions, which is hard to see." The most valuable lobular rosewood in history has been "not warm" in recent years. According to the statistics of the Chinese Redwood Committee, in 2009-2014, the price of Hainan huanghuali soared from 4.5 million yuan to 15 million yuan, up more than 200%, while the price of Indian lobular rosewood was about 500,000 yuan in 2009. People said that their current price fluctuates between 800,000 yuan and 1.2 million yuan per ton. Due to India's strict export policy restrictions in the country of production, the accumulation and retention of lobular rosewood is still considerable; in addition, the downturn in terminal consumption has forced the price of raw materials to fall. It can be said that the red sandalwood in these three kinds of wood is the wood with the largest price increase and the most appreciation space. As a “new upstartâ€, the price of S. chinensis has been included in the CITES Convention's control of timber species since 2013, and its price and volume have risen all the way. According to industry insiders, due to extensive development and deforestation, Sian rosewood is already in an endangered state, trading risks are also increasing, and imports are greatly reduced. Zhang Zhengji, chairman of Mingjia Redwood, said that since the beginning of this year, the import volume of Sian rosewood has also dropped significantly. In the future, the price of Sian rosewood will continue to rise. (Original title: "The oldest three" of one yellow, two purple, three red" Interpretation of the historical origin and cultural heritage behind the "three major tributes" Reporter: Feng Jing Fu Juan Li Fei Wang Yuanzheng
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Vertical Lantern wind turbine Wuxi Smaraad New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.smaraadenergy.com Hainan Huanghuali speaks for literati furniture
Lobular rosewood royal family exclusive
The red rosewood and the traditional taste of the "Redwood"
The beauty of redwood stands for "fate"
"Three big tribute wood" market is bullish
