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Intercalation compounding method is currently the main method of preparing nano plastics. First, the monomer or polymer is inserted between the layered silicate treated with the intercalation agent (such as montmorillonite, commonly known as clay), thereby destroying the tightly ordered packing structure of the lamellae of the lamellae and stripping them into A layered basic cell having a thickness of about 1 nm and a length and width of 30 to 100 nm is uniformly dispersed in the plastic matrix resin to realize the compounding of the plastic polymer and the layered silicate plate layer on the nanometer scale. The intercalation compounding method can be further divided into two major methods: (1) Intercalation polymerization method, in which a polymer monomer is first dispersed and intercalated into a layered silicate sheet, and then polymerized in-situ, and a large amount of heat is released during polymerization. To overcome the force between the silicate sheets and to strip them, so that the silicate sheet and the plastic substrate are composited on the nanometer scale. (2) The polymer intercalation method, in which a polymer melt or solution is mixed with a layered silicate, chemically and thermodynamically, the layered silicate is peeled off into nano-sized sheets and uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The advantage of this method is that it is easy to realize that the inorganic nano-material can be uniformly dispersed in the plastic matrix resin on the nanometer scale.
The in-situ composite method includes in-situ polymerization and in-situ formation of a filler method. The nanoparticle is dissolved in a monomer solution and then subjected to a polymerization reaction, which is called an in-situ polymerization method. The characteristic is that the nanomaterial is uniformly dispersed. In-situ formation of the filler method is also called sol-gel method. It is a relatively active and promising method in recent years. The method is generally divided into two steps. The first step is to hydrolyze the metal or silicon siloxyl compounds to form a sol. Hydrolysis The compound is then co-condensed with the polymer to form a gel; the gel is then subjected to a high temperature treatment to remove small molecules such as solvent to obtain nanoplastics.
The representative product of the molecular compounding method is a liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-based nano plastic. The LCP is uniformly dispersed in a flexible polymer matrix by means of melt blending, graft copolymerization, and block copolymerization. In-situ nano-scale LCP microfibers are smaller in size than general nanocomposites and have a degree of dispersion close to the molecular level. Therefore, they are called molecular complex methods. The advantage is that the tensile strength, flexural modulus, heat resistance, and barrier property of the flexible polymer matrix resin can be greatly improved, and the effect is remarkable.
The direct dispersion method for ultrafine particles includes a solution blending method, a solution blending method, a mechanical blending method, a melt blending method, and the like, and the practical significance is a melt blending method. Other methods are difficult to achieve an ideal dispersion effect, such as a total of mechanical distribution. Although the mixing method is simple, it is difficult to uniformly disperse inorganic nanoparticles that are easily agglomerated (or self-aggregated) in the plastic matrix in nanometer size. The difficulty and key to melt mixing plastics and nano-particles above the melting point of the plastic with a kneader and twin-screw extrusion compounder is to prevent nano-particles from agglomerating, so the nano-particles are generally subjected to surface treatment and the surface treatment agent has a compatibilizer. Dispersants, coupling agents, and often more than two surface treatment agents are used in practice. In addition, to optimize the structure parameters of the melt blending device and achieve the best dispersion effect, the method is simple, the nanoparticle and the composite material are prepared in a step-by-step manner, and it is easy to control the morphology and size of the nanoparticle.
Analysis of Nano Plastics Process
Nano-plastics manufacturing methods are mainly classified into four categories: intercalation compounding method, in-situ compounding method, molecular compounding method, and direct dispersion of ultrafine particles.