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Basic concepts of monoclonal antibodies
The basic concept of monoclonal antibodies should help cell fusion technology, which is to fuse myeloma cells (B cell tumors) and B lymphocytes into hybrid cells, which are called hybridoma cells (hybridoma). Hybridoma cells have both the characteristics that myeloma cells can proliferate in vitro through cell culture, and the characteristic that B lymphocytes produce specific antibodies. Through a certain technical approach, the hybridoma cells are diluted and separated into single hybrid cells cultured in the laboratory. Through cell culture to proliferate into a group of cells, a hybridoma monoclonal cell line is formed. This monoclonal cell line secretes and produces antibodies that specifically react to a single epitope. This antibody is called a monoclonal antibody. In the past, it was believed that after the antigen enters the body, the body's immune system can be stimulated to produce antibodies. Obviously, monoclonal antibodies have completely changed the traditional concept of human antibody production. The hybridoma cells obtained through the fusion of ground cells can produce and secrete monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies can self-amplify and pass on, which is the result of the comprehensive development of cell tissue culture technology, cell fusion technology and immune antibody production mechanism knowledge, and is an important invention of biotechnology in the 20th century.