Not long ago, Da Vinci's home, which once became an "international super-brand", fell into the deep valley. It’s not someone else who pushes it down, but the “fake door” that he has made himself.

After the identity fraud incident was exposed, although Pan Zhuang Xiuhua also had a public apology in the rain, although the apology letter stated that “it will definitely be “repaired” and bear the responsibility”; although the announcement of the mailbox indicates that the complaint against the consumer “will have a unified arrangement deal with". However, these are just "despite", Da Fu's home "fake door" has obviously stung many people's hearts. In addition, the "foreign brand style" that did not know when it was blowing over China did not seem to be as fierce as before.

In fact, when many people pursued the valuable "foreign home", more people put their eyes on "Chinese classical furniture", and Ming and Qing furniture is undoubtedly the most concerned.

For a long time, Ming and Qing furniture has become the pinnacle of ancient Chinese furniture because of the sophisticated materials, fine workmanship and cultural heritage. For centuries, Ming and Qing furniture has always been the favorite of furniture collectors, whether it is the dynasty or the war.

In addition, it must be mentioned that the “榫卯” joint method that is not applicable to the nailing and riveting of these furniture production processes is even more impressive. Moreover, since the furniture is made of the most expensive wood huanghuali, red sandalwood, etc., which have been the most expensive in the past few hundred years, these woods are not only expensive, but also can last for hundreds of years without cracking, deformation, or corrosion. It is precisely because of this that Ming and Qing furniture is naturally given more legendary.

Huanghua Pear: a witness of Ming style furniture for centuries

There is such a kind of furniture: on a cloudy day, it can give off a faint scent, which can refresh the mind, and some even say that it can also ward off evil. Not only that, but the furniture does not even need to be painted to give a special oily luster, and as long as it is properly maintained, the longer it lasts, the better the gloss. This is the most glorious and lowest historical witness of Huanghuali furniture Ming style furniture.

Crazy "wood panda"

Mottled gray-yellow bark with a hint of vicissitudes; light-colored flowers buried in the branches, quiet; almost elliptical leaves arranged in an orderly manner, like the feathers of birds. These extremely rare yellow rosewoods are sparsely grown in the Yangshan and Diaoluo Mountains of Hainan Island.

Although these places where huanghuali grows are beautiful, however, there is a lot of “stunning” everywhere: no one can guarantee whether these precious trees have already been discovered. No one can know whether these trees will escape the fate of being cut by a knife and axe. For decades, the number of huanghua pears on Hainan Island has become less and less, and it is almost impossible to find them in the wild. Those who are lucky enough to discover, I am afraid, are also struggling on the edge of life. The huanghua pears used by the Li nationality aborigines to make wine glasses, brocade tools and even rice cylinders have become "pandas in the woods".

According to reports, in 1985, the price of Hainan huanghuali was only 2 yuan per kilogram. By the time of 1992, the figure had reached 12 yuan per kilogram, and the increase was not too large. However, the situation afterwards is the same: in 2002, the price of Hainan huanghuali on the market almost rose to around 20,000 yuan per ton. By the end of 2010, it has soared to 8 million to 10 million yuan per ton, even to the point where the market is priceless. In the past 8 years, the price of Hainan huanghuali has more than 400 times.

The logs of Hainan huanghuali are so, the price of finished products is even higher.

In November 2010, in an auction of China Guardian, a “six-flowered horseshoe leg six-column canopy bed with a cluster of Minghuahua pears” was sold at a high price of 43.12 million yuan, which created the highest record in the history of Huanghuali furniture auction. This bed made of huanghuali has also become "the most expensive bed in history." In addition, this special event also produced the "the most expensive cabinet in history" of 39.76 million yuan of "Qinglonglong Huanghuali dragon pattern four-piece cabinet pair". In the end, all the auctions of this huanghuali special auction were sold and sold at a total transaction price of 259 million yuan.

Just when everyone turned their attention to China Guardian, on December 12th, an unnamed auction company in Nanjing created a more astounding record. On the same day, a Ming Dynasty huanghuali chair was auctioned for 62 million yuan, plus the total commission price of 69.44 million yuan. The new Huanghuali furniture record was once again refreshed.

That night, many furniture collectors lost sleep all night. Huanghuali furniture once again returned to the public eye.

高峰 between the peak and the trough

In fact, as early as in the Tang Dynasty, Huanghuali furniture has been widely found in the Central Plains. At that time, the pharmacist Chen Zang was recorded in the "Herbal Supplement": "The palm trees are out of Annan and the South China Sea, and they are used as beds. "The palm tree that he refers to is the huanghua pear we are talking about today." And Huanghuali Furniture really ushered in its first golden age is in the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty was another prosperous period in the history of Chinese furniture, and the craftsmanship reached all the previous heights. During this period, because of the solid texture of the huanghua pear from Hainan Island, the texture is exquisite, and it exudes a special scent, and the squares contained in the huanghuali furniture contain a round and a square, which fits perfectly. The Ming Dynasty literati recognized the traditional Chinese culture of "Heaven and Man" and "Inside the Circle" ethics, so Huanghuali Furniture reached its peak during this period.

Use the huanghuali to make the encircled back and the left and right sides of the Arhat bed, the official hat chair like the court minister hat, the fan table used to write poetry, the fan screen used for partitioning or decoration appearing or upgrade.

However, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the imperial court imposed a strict sea ban policy. The import of huanghua pears in Vietnam and other places stagnated, and the huanghua pears in Hainan Island and other places in China were unable to meet the huge market demand, coupled with the long growth of huanghua pears. In the cycle, the newly planted huanghua pear is far from the future. The smashed huanghuali went into the "generation history" in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.

In the 1980s, after a hundred years of ice-sealing, Ming-style furniture finally ushered in spring. The long winter is the two books of Wang Shizhen's "Luxury Furniture" and "Ming-style Furniture Research". Ming and Qing furniture has once again become the focus of attention of collectors at home and abroad. Naturally, Huanghuali furniture, which best represents Ming furniture, also ushered in her new life. Since then, Huanghuali furniture has ushered in another peak, and until today, it is still the most concerned one in the furniture collection industry.

Rosewood: court nobles of Qing style furniture

Time flies, the dynasty changes.

In the blink of an eye, it was the Qing Dynasty, the rare jade in the Ming Dynasty, the Burmese jade, the corals in the sea, all gathered in the capital of the empire, and the Western glass and mirrors also appeared in the Forbidden City and the emperor's palace. However, in the face of these dazzling and jewels with such bright colors, the members of the royal family are a bit guilty: they all need a calm wood to set off, however, whether it is the huanghua pear or other precious wood. It seems that it is very difficult to perfectly match these precious jewelry.

At this time, there was a kind of wood that entered the eyes of the royal family, which is also the red sandalwood. The characteristics of rosewood furniture that are not lingering, deep, and quiet are in line with the psychological needs of the royal family. In the end, the Royals chose a steady rosewood. Since then, rosewood furniture has become the representative of the Qing court culture. Even in the Qing Dynasty, there was an unwritten rule that all the folk rosewoods were handed over to the court.

The darling of the royal court of the Qing Dynasty

Before the Kangxi period, the furniture of the Qing Dynasty generally retained the style and characteristics of Ming style furniture, and together with Ming Dynasty furniture, it was collectively referred to as Ming style furniture. However, with the restoration and development of handicraft technology in the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty furniture has undergone great changes during the Qianlong period, forming a unique Qing style. Its outstanding features are heavy materials, gorgeous decoration and stable shape. This is in stark contrast to the rational, simple and sturdy use of Ming furniture.

In fact, Huanghuali furniture is the essence of Ming style furniture, emphasizing the shape and lines, just like traditional Chinese calligraphy, representing the highest level of Chinese classical furniture; while the rosewood furniture is the court furniture in the Qing style furniture, but it shows the Manchu The aesthetic taste of Quangui and Qing Palace does not pay attention to the styling, but emphasizes that the carvings are gorgeous and prosperous, pay attention to patterns and carvings; from the styling point of view, they are straight lines, and they do not pay attention to proportions. They are rather rigid and a bit stupid. In addition, the Ming style furniture is restrained and has a stylized, non-stylized, and the Qing style furniture is very prominent, even the furniture made so far.

In fact, even the Qing style furniture represented by rosewood does not exceed the previous Ming furniture, but one thing is quite special. Qing style furniture not only inherits the advantages of Ming style furniture, but also boldly borrows from Western civilization. From the perspective of the Qing style furniture that is currently preserved, the use of Western decorative patterns or decorative techniques has a considerable proportion. Moreover, the color of the rosewood furniture is calm and gives a subtle and solemn beauty. It can be said to represent the highest standard of the court royal aesthetic. Therefore, it is popular among high-end buyers at the auction site. Ke Xisi, an American expert who served as curator of the China Classical Furniture Museum in California in the 1990s, said: Because red sandalwood is more rare than huanghuali, the palace furniture of red sandalwood has been sought after by high prices, creating a series of auction records. For example, in the previous two years, a dragon chair that was photographed more than 80 million Hong Kong dollars was made of red sandalwood. In 2003, a 12-screen screen of a red sandalwood was photographed at 20 million Hong Kong dollars. The highest record.

"Wood King" from Nanyang

In fact, before the red sandalwood was sought after by the Qing court, due to the rare red sandalwood trees in the country, the Ming Dynasty court had to send bureaucrats to the Nanyang Islands to collect, and the mighty expedition fleet sent the rosewood to the country.

By the end of the Ming Dynasty, high-quality wood, especially rosewood, had been basically harvested. As of the early Qing Dynasty, the vast majority of the world's rosewood was collected in Guangzhou and Beijing. Later, all the rosewood used in the court of the Qing Dynasty was harvested during this period. According to historical records, in order to meet the needs of the Forbidden City, the Qing Dynasty also sent people to Nanyang to pick up rosewood, but most of them were thick and not gripped, and the festival was not straight and could not be used at all. In fact, the reason why the rosewood, known as the "Wood King", is exhausted has a lot to do with its slow growth. Generally speaking, it cannot be completed for hundreds of years, and the Ming Dynasty was harvested and it was not revived until the Qing Dynasty.

So, where did the large number of rosewood furniture from the Qing court come from?

In the archives of the Qing Dynasty courts in the First Historical Archives, there were many records of the Royal House of the House of the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the office of the Qinghai rosewood furniture, there are still many tributes from various places. For example, on June 26, the 26th year of Emperor Qianlong, the governor of the two rivers Gao Jingongjin: the red sandalwood case is paired, the red sandalwood table is paired, the red sandalwood is a pair of books, and the red sandalwood is in pairs.

History is such a striking similarity that after the Opium War, rosewood furniture began to flow overseas. At the time of the demise of the Qing Dynasty, rosewood furniture almost completely disappeared. It was not until the two Ming and Qing dynasties furniture booms of the 1940s and 1980s that the rosewood furniture came to people's attention.

Nowadays, in the exhibition hall of the China Red Sandalwood Museum, some rare red sandalwood furniture in China is displayed. The piece of dark purple luxury furniture seems to tell them from Nanyang to China, from the Qing Dynasty to today's past and present. And the rosewood logs that exude a trace of sandalwood, although hollow, are still in the hands of the history they carry, heavy.

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