I. Introduction

With the development of the economy, people have a new understanding of the quality of life, and health is their primary choice. As a medical institution serving the public, large hospitals must not only consider the needs of medical treatment, but also meet the physical and mental health needs of people during treatment. The clean operating room is a key part of the construction of major hospitals in recent years. Strengthening the construction process and quality control of large hospitals is very important for the construction of hospitals, and we need to continuously strengthen its research to ensure that its construction quality meets the requirements.

Project Overview: A hospital clean operating room project, the construction scale is the total construction area of ​​the purification project is about 1200m2, the frame structure, the main body 1 floor. There are 1 thousand surgical rooms, 2 positive and negative pressure conversion operating rooms, and 2 million operating rooms.

Second, the construction process analysis

(1) Construction sequence

Under the premise of following the construction procedure, conforming to the construction process and ensuring the quality of the construction method, the order of construction is determined as: wall → truss → wall pipeline → embedded appliance → wall surface → ceiling pipeline → ceiling → wire angle installation → ceiling → Lighting, tuyere, smoke, broadcast, monitoring → ground → all kinds of door fans → electrical outlets, switches → ground cleaning → inspection. The construction sequence between the construction sections is determined by the flow of the construction starting point. The electrical installation project is different from the decoration project and can be divided into several obvious construction stages. The cross-construction will be carried out between the relevant branch (sub-item) projects in the decoration project, and the phase construction will be: reserved for pre-buried → pipeline security Set up → equipment installation, strive to orderly, low consumption and high efficiency, shorten the construction period, scientific organization and construction, and complete all construction tasks.

(2) Main part of the construction method

1. New technology for factory operating room construction

By applying a new process of factory-operated operating room construction, most of the equipment and materials are processed and formed at the factory, and assembled on site. Bring the following benefits to the construction:

A. The construction process is simple, the construction equipment used is reduced, and the on-site quality control is factory quality control. The large-scale processing and automatic processing equipment of the factory improves the machining accuracy and quality of the workpiece.

B. Unpredictable construction interfaces, materials and processes are reduced. Most materials and equipment have become standard parts for factory manufacturing, which is easy to control construction costs and provides conditions for reducing construction cost.

C. Reduce the mechanical processing and welding process of the construction project and reduce the impact of the construction on the environment.

D. The construction period is easy to calculate accurately and the construction period is guaranteed.

2. Construction scheme of envelope structure

The wall keel of the operating room of this project is assembled by custom C-shaped steel. The wall panel and ceiling panel are made of 1.2mm electrolytic steel plate lining 9.5mm gypsum board; it is installed by hanging joints, then all welded into one whole, welding The seam is filled with metal putty and smoothed; finally, the metal primer and topcoat are sprayed three times to form a seamless effect. The clean corridor wall surface and the clean auxiliary room wall are all made of light steel keel glass magnesium plate 4mm double-sided fireproof plastic aluminum plate. The ceiling is made of 4mm double-sided fireproof plastic aluminum plate with the use of the upper-type light steel keel lining. The rest of the corridor and auxiliary wall dehumidification area adopts the tile wall surface, and the other wall has the civil construction partition wall. After the civil construction partition wall is flattened, the three anti-mildew and scrub-resistant imported latex paints are brushed, and the light steel keel is used without the civil construction partition wall. After the waterproof gypsum board wall is flat, the three anti-mildew and anti-scrubbing imported latex paints are all painted with the wall and the imported antibacterial paint wall. The ceiling material of the clean section of the surgical department, the inner clean auxiliary room, and the clean auxiliary wall (outside the dehumidification area) are the same as the wall surface. The wet area of ​​the surgical department (cleaning, packing, disinfection) is made of aluminum-plastic plate. The ceiling of the clean corridor is made of a human-made light steel keel lining with a 9.5mm gypsum board and imported with antibacterial paint.

(1) Construction process of envelope structure

Cleaning site→floor acceptance→positioning and release→wall keel→ceiling keel→embedded appliance→stainless steel door cover→wall construction→top construction→self-leveling laying→floor construction→door body, lamp installation→cleaning→caulking seal.

(2) Wall and ceiling installation

A. Materials entering the wall components shall be delivered to the installation site according to the requirements of the construction schedule, lightly moved, avoiding scratches, and sorted neatly stacked and kept strictly.

B. Measuring the pay-off line strictly in accordance with the construction drawing, measuring the axis on the spot, the elevation of the elevation, cleaning the installation site, and accurately releasing the large sample. The keel must be placed strictly before installation, and the corners should be vertically crossed to prevent the keel from twisting and twisting due to accumulated errors.

C. Material inspection Wall structure components Before the installation, the specifications and integrity of the materials are strictly checked. Unqualified or damaged construction materials are strictly forbidden to install.

D. On-site cleaning The installation site must be kept clean and free of dust at any time, and parts and sites can be cleaned at any time during the soiling process.

E. When the keel is installed and installed, the main structure such as the partition wall and the ceiling keel should be connected and fixed to the floor and the ground. According to the pay-off diagram, the keel along the ground is first installed. After the leveling, the vertical keel of the partition wall is assembled. The verticality of the siding is controlled by the hanging hammer, and the vertical deviation of the vertical keel is not more than 0.2%; then the ceiling keel is installed.

Third, analysis of quality control measures

(1) Establishing the viewpoint that quality is the life of the enterprise, strengthening the quality consciousness of the masses, clarifying the quality of each project and each process, using the scientific methods of total quality management, implementing quality control of all employees, comprehensive and whole process, aiming at quality common diseases The problem is solved, the responsibility is implemented to everyone, and quality responsibility is contracted. Construction personnel at all levels must pay close attention to the quality of construction and lead by example.

(2) Establish responsibility for operation posts, strictly follow the “three process management” and combine with the “process listing” system to ensure the inspection process, ensure the process, and serve the process. Strictly implement "self-inspection" and "transfer inspection" to ensure that quality meets the requirements.

1. Self-inspection: The laid-off workers operate strictly according to the process requirements. After each process is completed, the self-inspection is carried out immediately. The self-inspection finds the unqualified items. The team immediately corrects them until all are qualified. The team leader fills in the self-checking form and indicates the inspection. The date is supervised by the project technical manager.

2. Handover inspection: The handover inspection between processes, including the quality of the project, the cleaning after the completion of the process and the content of the finished product protection. The process of being presided over by the technician can only be handed over to the trail process, and both parties sign and date the record.

3. Concealed acceptance: All processes and sub-projects that are covered by the next process and cannot be quality-checked are organized by the technicians in time to organize the concealed inspection, and fill in the report form and hand it over to the special inspection personnel for acceptance. For the concealed inspection items to be carried out by the supervisors, the quality inspectors shall promptly provide the inspectors and owners with a concealed inspection report, and urge them to complete the conceal inspection work. The concealed inspection records shall be filed by the technicians in a timely manner and sent to the person in charge of the data.

4. Pre-inspection and receipt: The technician shall fill in the pre-inspection report form, submit it to the full-time inspector for inspection and acceptance, and promptly send it to the person in charge of the technical data for filing.

5. Quality assessment of sub-projects: After the completion of all the sub-projects, the project manager will organize relevant personnel to carry out quality inspection according to the quality acceptance criteria. The technicians fill in the sub-project quality assessment form and submit the qualification quality assessment level to the full-time quality inspector. Failure to comply with the "non-conforming product control procedures", and approved by the supervision, and the two assessment forms are regularly submitted to the project technical person in charge of filing.

6. Special process control has been specified in the “Project Quality Plan”. In the implementation, the management is strengthened as a quality management point. The process and parameters are continuously monitored and recorded by the foreman according to the technical requirements.

7. The work record and process data are tracked and managed according to the relevant provisions of the State and the provisions of the quality guide of the project. The technicians, the team leader and the foreman fill in the clear, the quality inspector signs, every day at 5 pm Report the production meeting and submit it to the responsible person for archiving.

(III) Quality control during construction

1. Technical delivery process

The technical department asks the designer → the technical department pays the long paragraph to the construction section → the length of each section leads the professional team leader → the team leader pays the main workers.

2. Technical system

“Technical disclosure” is a technical explanation of the relevant management personnel, technicians and workers involved in the construction process before the formal construction of the unit project or division (sub-item) project. The content must be made to the construction personnel. The object has a more detailed understanding of the design situation, structural characteristics, technical requirements and construction technology, so as to scientifically organize the construction, arrange the process reasonably, and avoid technical guidance errors or operational errors.

The specific contents of the technical disclosure include:

Designed by the technical person in charge, invited the designer to give a lecture, the construction professional responsible person to participate, detailing the requirements of the design drawings, engineering features, quality standards.

The design of the construction team is at the bottom: the project technical leader or professional engineer of the project department will provide technical disclosure to the team leader of each professional trade.

3, set quality control points, clear difficult solutions

For a certain process or link with high technical requirements and difficult construction, the focus of technology and supervision shall be set, and the operators, materials, tools, construction process parameters and methods shall be controlled. For example, embedded appliances, automatic doors, high-efficiency air supply devices, etc., for the quality of common diseases or unstable quality, easy to produce non-conforming products, advance control measures. The management of the technical department shall take turns to supervise the whole process of the process, and shall not be mistaken.

4. Quality control of construction operations

The final effect of the operating room project and the construction operation process play a decisive role, so it is quite important to strengthen the quality control of the construction operation during the construction process. You must start with the following measures.

Establish a “model day system”

That is, at the beginning of each process, the first day of the model, invite the supervision company, the owner's representative, the company's technical staff to carry out inspections and assessments, check whether all the materials and processes of the work meet the requirements, and pass the identification as the standard. Carry out large-scale construction. The establishment of the “model day system” is a process of determining materials, construction techniques and quality standards, and is a form of training construction team. During the construction process, the team members are fixed, and the fixed position is fixed, which is convenient for improving the proficiency and mastery of the operation.

Establish a model model practice system

For the key practices of special parts, the model should be first made in a ratio of 1:1, and then approved by the owner, designer, and supervision engineer before construction.

(4) Common quality problems and prevention measures

1. Common defects in wall and roof quality and prevention measures

(1) Uneven measures at the jigsaw;

(2) Install the keel first, install it, and level it. As long as the main keel elevation is correct, the flatness of the board surface can be improved;

(3) Special tools and supporting materials should be used.

2. The ceiling is large and uneven, and the slope exposure is more obvious.

(1) According to the position line of the floor hanger on the floor slab, the size of the top plate determines the distance between the booms;

(2) From the perspective of stability, the distance between the keel and the wall surface shall be not less than 10 mm;

(3) The distance between the self-tapping screws and the edge of the board or the end of the board shall not be less than 10mm, and shall not be greater than 16mm, as it is limited by the section of the keel. The spacing between the screws in the middle of the board shall not exceed 200mm;

(4) Laying large plates should be such that the long sides of the plates are parallel to the direction of the secondary keels for screwing.

3, finished product protection

(1) After the installation of the decorative board is completed, it shall not be arbitrarily excavated, and it shall not be used by anyone. If it is necessary to install equipment, it shall be applied with an electric drill and it is strictly forbidden to open a large hole;

(2) It is strictly forbidden to scrape the plate to prevent damage;

(3) The air duct, air pipe, electric pipe and water pipe in the ceiling and the wall shall be inspected and accepted before the last board;

(4) Installation of lamps and high-efficiency air supply devices shall not damage or contaminate the ceiling;

(5) Do not hang the boom on the pipes of ventilation, water pipes, etc. in the ceiling to prevent damage to the dark pipe and resonance;

(6) After the ceiling is installed, protective measures should be taken to prevent pollution during subsequent engineering operations.

4. Protective measures for finished products and semi-finished products

The protection of semi-finished products and finished products is an important part of engineering quality management, engineering cost control and on-site civilized construction. Develop measures to protect finished products, both to protect their own finished products and to protect other professional finished products. The protection of semi-finished products and finished products is a difficult problem in decoration construction. There are many cross-operations in each process. If you are not careful, it will cause damage to the completed part, and it needs to be re-constructed, which will not only delay the construction period but also waste materials. Therefore, the protection of finished products is very important, so that each worker should establish a sense of protection of finished products.

5. Establish a “process transfer card” system

At the handover of each type of work, the “process transfer card” system shall be adopted, and both parties shall check the finished products and equipment of the previous process and submit the written handover procedures. The operators of the next process must be carefully protected, causing damage and loss. . Strict implementation of the previous process is not qualified and does not issue the next process material system.

6, specific measures for the protection of finished products

(1) The methods of product protection mainly include four methods: protection, bag, cover and seal. Protection - is to protect in advance. If the wall surface is finished to prevent contamination during ceiling construction and ground construction, the plastic film paper should not be removed and needs to be protected. In the intersection of the door position and the corner, in order to prevent the impact, it is necessary to put a few layers of film paper or put a small piece of wood. Package - is the package. Such as stainless steel handles, instrument cabinets, delivery, return air outlets, etc., should be wrapped, electrical switches, sockets, lamps should also be wrapped. Cover - is the surface coverage. If the ground works are completed, cover the surface with a carpet pad and cover the wood splint at the passage. Seal - is closed. Such as the washroom, the main staircase should be closed after construction to achieve the purpose of protection.

(2) Drawing a construction flow chart according to the construction procedure, this table is marked with work content and completion time. If the work does not meet the process time, it is not allowed to enter the construction area of ​​others.

(3) The stratified section shall be designated to be responsible for the protection of finished products, public security fire and inspection. The operator enters the construction area with the permit and goes through the registration formalities at the entrance. The work is completed by the product protection personnel, and the problem is immediately found. .

(4) For the completed area, a special person shall be responsible for keeping the keys and opening the door, and no one shall enter the completed room without permission.

(5) Projects to be repaired after pre-inspection must have a special permit to enter.

(6) Unify the entire site's finished product protection signs, such as hanging warning signs such as “ground is not dry”.

(7) Protection measures for finished products purchased: Do a good job of “four tests” before entering the market, and check the specifications, varieties, quality and quantity. If they fail, they will not enter the market. Do a good job in the management of the site and warehouse.

(8) According to the particularity of each part, develop detailed product protection measures.

7. Temporary closure measures shall be taken in small areas such as toilets, and special personnel shall open the doors when they need to go to work or work.

8. Rubber and PVC flooring shall be protected before and after construction. Temporary access passage shall be opened in the middle. After completion, the pearl film shall be covered for dust prevention and warning.

9. All the appliances, lamps, vents, etc., after the final process is installed and debugged, the package is ready for acceptance. (1) Strengthen the education of finished product protection, formulate and implement the above protection regulations, and impose a fine system for those who damage finished products. (2) All process operators are required to complete the protection work for the finished product of this process, and only after the completion of this process can the wages of this process be received.

(5) Material acceptance system

1. All materials in this project, including a variety of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished materials, must first be submitted to the owner and supervising engineer for approval of various technical indicators such as manufacturer's profile, material technical data and test data and material samples, and field test results. Materials that are incomplete or unapproved are not allowed to enter the construction site. Although the raw materials that are large in quantity and critical to quality have various reported materials, they must still conduct on-the-spot investigations on the production methods and quality control measures of the manufacturers. The quality control of raw materials, in addition to data approval and on-site inspection of manufacturers, the re-examination of materials before use must be strictly enforced.

2. In the process of entering the material, the material department strictly checks and accepts the incoming materials according to the sample and relevant technical indicators to prevent the unqualified materials from entering the site.

(6) Material storage system

For the purchased materials and finished products, special warehouses shall be kept and distributed by special personnel. Materials that need to be waterproof and anti-fouling shall be piled up according to requirements and kept in a safe place.

Material stacking method:

1. Stacking of galvanized sheets, put the sleepers on the ground, and carefully scratch the galvanized layer.

2, gypsum board stacking, to be elevated on the ground, to waterproof, moisture.

3. Make some wooden boxes for storing small single items with irregular shapes.

4, the production of a certain shelf, used to store a large number of small items, easy to find.

5. All materials stored in the warehouse must be strengthened and maintained. For different materials, take corresponding storage measures, such as temperature, humidity, dust, ventilation and other factors, and take a series of measures such as moisture, rust, corrosion, mildew, etc., to protect different materials and avoid material damage. Warehouse management must have a strict system, regularly organize inspection and maintenance, find problems, deal with them in a timely manner, and pay attention to warehouse security and fire prevention work. Inflammable and explosive products such as paint should be kept as small as possible and stored separately.

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