In the art market, Ming and Qing hardwood furniture and Ming and Qing dynasty porcelain are the two most valuable investment options for collecting value-added potential. However, in the view of Wu Shaohua, president of the Shanghai Collection Association, the collection of the Ming and Qing dynasty classical furniture market has great potential, such as Ming Huanghuali and Qinghai Tan. The value of the collection investment has been amazing for 20 years. Judging the value of an ancient piece of furniture is more complicated, and the factors of material, age and product are indispensable. Material is the most important leading factor. Ming Dynasty furniture art is better than Qing Dynasty furniture During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China's classical furniture changed qualitatively, and began to look at the construction process and developed into a frame structure. Wu Shaohua said in an interview with reporters that "the economy of the Ming Dynasty prospered, steel began to be used in the production of tools, and the progress of processing technology made hardwood a raw material for furniture. At that time, maritime trade was active, and hardwood continued to enter China from Southeast Asia. Hardwood is very valuable, so people began Pursuing the characteristics of the material itself. Many literati in the Ming Dynasty participated in the design and production of furniture. The furniture in the softwood period pursued the artificial decorative effect, but it no longer adapted to the aesthetic taste of the Ming literati. They advocated the natural beginning to show the natural texture of the wood. In addition, the Ming Dynasty Garden and folk residences have also undergone development and changes. In order to adapt to the style of gardens and halls, the style of furniture has also begun to change. Because of the improvement of tools, Ming Dynasty furniture is very strict in structure and craftsmanship, pursuing the combination of line and surface, and the proportion of the machine is harmonious. Elegant, simple and generous, its simplicity is almost impossible to reduce, reduce or destroy." Wu Shaohua believes that Ming and Qing furniture is difficult to separate, because the Qing Dynasty furniture was developed on the basis of the Ming Dynasty. “Traditional Ming style furniture covers two concepts – Ming Dynasty furniture and Ming style furniture. The former is the furniture produced by the Ming Dynasty, while the latter inherits the styles and crafts of Ming Dynasty furniture. Strictly speaking, Ming style furniture is fully formed and goes to market. The maturity period was in the early Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the simple and elegant style of furniture in the Ming Dynasty could not satisfy the aesthetic taste of the nomadic people. At this time, it was just that Western culture entered China from Guangzhou, and Guangzhou was the first stop for timber imports from Southeast Asia. The raw materials are sufficient, and the furniture production begins to integrate into the Western elements. The Qing Dynasty pursues luxury and style, while Guangzhou's decorative carving style combined with Western craftsmanship conforms to the appetite of the Qing Dynasty, so the Chinese furniture dominated market was transferred from the original Soviet style to the Cantonese style. All kinds of carving techniques are prevalent, and almost all the carving techniques are applied to the furniture making. The color of the furniture is deep and deep, and the red sandalwood is popular. This ultimate pursuit of artificial decoration not only destroys the original lines and proportions of Ming furniture. And its simple and clean style has also changed. The court aesthetic also affects the folk. The mahogany in Southeast Asia caters to the needs of the furniture market, so mahogany furniture is on fire. In order to enhance the decoration, even the inlays have been applied to the furniture production... At this time, the Qing Dynasty furniture is very different from the original Ming style furniture, its culture and art. The value is weakened." 80% of the value of antique furniture is determined by its material Wu Shaohua believes that the Ming and Qing Dynasties furniture, which has the most potential for appreciation, includes Ming-style furniture made by the literati in the Ming and Qing dynasties, mostly Huanghua Pear; and the court furniture made in the Imperial Palace in the Qing Dynasty, mostly rosewood. So, what factors determine the market value of an ancient piece of furniture? “The first is material. The market value of ancient furniture is more than 80% determined by its material. The most market potential is rosewood, followed by huanghuali and mahogany. In the furniture market, material is always the price leader. Secondly, antique furniture The year is also very important. The third is the style. For example, now a large cabinet may not sell the Eight Immortals table, and an Eight Immortal table may not sell the Taishi chair. Because the furniture demand determines the market, and the hall furniture is the most commonly used and carefully used by the ancients. It is a symbol of the identity of the owner. Even if people use mahogany furniture, it is a manifestation of identity. Finally, the integrity of the furniture, the ancient furniture can be properly repaired, but the degree of repair can not be too large." Wu Shaohua said. Undoubtedly, the ancient furniture market is also a proliferation of counterfeits. Among them, the hardwood furniture that counterfeited the furniture of other woods began to appear in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Wu Shaohua said: "Even in the present rural areas, there are still many furniture that continue the Ming Dynasty style. Now I use African rosewood to pretend to be a huanghuali, and the use of ebony imitation rosewood is the most headache for collectors. I think according to the original production process and raw materials, The style to make antique furniture is understandable. The crux of the problem is old-fashioned, and the current old-fashioned methods are too numerous to mention. The old furniture has been passed down for many years, naturally leaving a colorful and scouring time mark. If you look at it This furniture is old and old, the surface is very dirty, it is often new imitation, because the expensive old furniture does not need to be deliberately done, these furniture is precious in history. Secondly, the craftsmanship of the furniture surface, whether it is carving, Seams, structures, every detail must be in place. Third, there must be traces of real use, natural wear and tear. For example, places that are frequently in contact must wear more, and places that are not often touched wear less, and now the old will put furniture The whole is old and will not be considered for use. The fourth is to look at the pulp. Of course, the theory is pale, the practice is fresh, only the physical contact is more Rosewood appreciation space is larger than huanghuali At present, the price of ancient furniture with precious materials is very high. Wu Shaohua said that the rising trend of fine antique furniture will continue. Because of its rare raw materials and antiques, this double scarcity determines its market price. "Now the material is made of new imitation furniture. At present, one ton of Hainan huanghuali has reached more than 10 million yuan, and Vietnamese huanghuali has to be five or six million yuan a ton. As a scarce resource, huanghua pear has a long growth cycle and grows for 50 years. The core of the wood is only a little thicker than the carrot. Compared with the rosewood and the red sandalwood, the rosewood has a larger appreciation space, because the price of the yellow pear has been highly speculated. In the past 20 years, the price of the rosewood furniture has risen more than 25 Times, Huanghuali furniture is more than a lot of rosewood furniture, and the current price of rosewood raw materials is still around 1 million yuan per ton." For the recent hot phenomenon of Jinsi Nanmu furniture, Wu Shaohua explained that the golden nanmu wood is a rare material recognized in Chinese history, and it is also one of the Ming Dynasty furniture materials and the precious wood in the building. Jinsangmu is grown in Sichuan, China. The ancient nanmu buried in the ground 6,000 years ago due to the earthquake, and after the Wenchuan earthquake and basic engineering, was dug out from the ground. "It is worth mentioning that antique fakes are rampant now, but precious woods are difficult to make fakes. The materials of porcelain, bronzes, and calligraphy and painting are synthetic, artificially created, but the period of creation is different. And cherish the wood, one It takes a long time for a tree to be artificially faked," Wu Shaohua said. Capital speculation leads to price upside down At present, the price of Huanghuali and rosewood furniture has been reversed, and the raw materials have risen over the price of complete furniture. When the reporter asked this question, Wu Shaohua said: "In fact, this kind of flour is more expensive than bread in the art market, such as jade, jade, etc. I think the reason for the price inversion is first of all the market is not standardized. A large number of hand workshops, mahogany manufacturers and modern furniture companies have swarmed into the antique furniture manufacturing industry, but their production techniques, product quality, and artistic quality are mixed. Some are simply shoddy, creating inferior furniture with precious materials, and wasting raw materials. It has also destroyed the market. Some buyers are more willing to collect complete wood, please design and make it. In addition, the current art market investment is greater than the collection. The collectors regard the wood as a scarce resource, the resources are definitely wider than the finished product, the investment cycle Shorter, more rewarding, and more conducive to commercial hype." For the high-end antique furniture investment hot phenomenon, Wu Shaohua believes that the market demand determines the direction of antique furniture, of course, because the hype is widespread, so the risk is also greater. "In the investment and collection of modern antique furniture, we can't be sloppy, not pay attention to shape. The first thing for collectors is to look at the raw materials. The second job is better. We must be cautious about those antique furniture that are shoddy, pay attention to the work in place, and work fine. It depends on the structure, whether the structure is framed or spliced, whether it is made according to the traditional craftsmanship, those that are replaced by modern technology and produced by modern machines, and the future appreciation space is limited. The third type is traditional, For example, some upstarts now like to use Nanmu to make a large dining table. This is of no artistic value, and it is also a waste of precious materials. Valuable hardwood should be used for books and books, such as desks, bookcases, and cases. Officer hats and so on." 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