Chinese Academy of Sciences scientists implement Maxwell's demon quantum algorithm cooling

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The research team of Professor Li Chuanfeng of the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences led by Academician Guo Guangcan of the University of Science and Technology of China has made important progress in the research of quantum cooling. The research team has collaborated with the theoretical groups of Harvard University and Tsinghua University to propose a new type of Maxwell's demon-like quantum algorithm cooling, and demonstrated the working principle of this quantum cooling method by using quantum simulation technology experiments in optical systems. The research results were published online in the journal Nature-Photonics on January 19.

Abstract schematic diagram of Maxwell's demon algorithm cooling principle

The development of modern low-temperature physics is mainly due to the development of effective cooling methods, especially the development of laser cooling technology that allows humans to reach extremely low temperatures (nK) of one billionth of a billion, so that some peculiar quantum physics phenomena can be studied. Such as Bose-Einstein condensation. At this extremely low temperature, the decoherence caused by thermal motion is extremely small, and the system can be in a quantum state. However, to achieve quantum information processes such as quantum computing and quantum simulation, it is usually necessary that the system is initially in the lowest energy quantum state, that is, the ground state , Which requires quantum cooling. Generally speaking, the goal of quantum cooling research is to reduce the average energy of quantum states until the system is in the ground state. The theoretical collaborators of the research group have proposed a new method of quantum cooling, by introducing an auxiliary qubit to achieve control coupling with the system to be cooled. By measuring the auxiliary qubits, the high-energy part and the low-energy part of the system to be cooled can be distinguished. After removing the high-energy part, the quantum cooling of the system can be achieved. It is like a quantum Maxwell demon can easily remove the high energy part of the quantum state, so this method is called Maxwell demon quantum algorithm cooling.

Professor Li Chuanfeng's research team and his collaborators use polarization-dependent interference devices to build cooling modules, where the path information of incident photons is used as an auxiliary qubit, and the polarization information of photons simulates the system to be cooled, and finally can be selected after detecting the path information. Reduce the average energy of the photon polarization state. The research team also used optical fibers to connect different cooling modules to form an optical cooling network. The cooling system was gradually cooled by calling the cooling modules multiple times. The research team experimentally implemented and compared two different quantum cooling strategies, evaporative cooling and circulating cooling. The experimental results and theoretical predictions are in good agreement, with a fidelity of more than 97.8%.

This work provides a new way to simulate the low temperature properties of physical and chemical systems that are difficult to achieve with classical methods of quantum simulation. On the other hand, since the quantum state with the average energy close to the ground state energy has a high degree of coincidence with the true ground state, and the quantum ground state can be obtained with a high probability by the method of quantum algorithm estimation, this work can also be used to Pervasive quantum computing and quantum simulation provide initial quantum state resources.

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Fund Committee and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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