Hot End is a portion of the extruder that has sufficient high temperature to melt plastic or other possible materials. In an FDM (melt deposition) type 3D printer , the hot end is used as a heating extrusion device, also referred to as an extrusion head, a shower head, or the like. But in fact, the latter is only a component of the hot end.

A hot end picture (E3D type)

The hot end is usually made of a material that can withstand temperatures up to ~240 °C (for current thermoplastic extrusion). The hot end usually refers to the top end of the extruder where the temperature is highest.

The picture shows a common hot end E3D, Reprap type commonly used in 3D printing machine.

Corresponding to the hot end is the Cold End of the 3D printer, which is the wire feeding mechanism (extruder) of the consumables.

Role : The role of the hot end is to melt the consumables (plastic, nylon or other material that can be melted into a fluid) fed by the extruder and extrude it for superposition of 3D printing. It is similar to ink cartridges and nozzles in inkjet printers and is an important part of 3D printers.

Structure : A complete hot end usually consists of a pipe body, a throat, a heat sink, a heated aluminum block, a nozzle, a thermocouple, and a heating rod.

J-head hot end structure diagram (heat bars and thermocouples not shown)

Take the J-head hot end of the above figure as an example:

The outer body is made of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) heat resistant plastic.

The throat is made of stainless steel lined with PTFE (Teflon), which is resistant to high temperatures and difficult to bond.

The nozzles are typically made of brass and are detachable and integral with the heating block, with apertures typically ranging from 0.2 to 0.8.

The heating rod is generally 24V, 30V.

classification

At present, the hot end of 3D printers is constantly being updated, so the following table is listed for reference.

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