The photo pre-production process is the guarantee of printing quality. In the pre-press processing, because the photo original is affected by factors such as shooting technology, equipment, and environment, the original has defects to varying degrees. In addition, different photos have different artistic styles and required effects. This requires pre-press production to not only correct the deficiencies in the photos, but also try to deal with the artistic effects sought by the author. Light is the lifeblood and soul of photography. According to the characteristics of light used in photography, the photo can be divided into smooth light works and backlight (including side backlight) works. For light shooting, the light source is in front of the subject (including the front side). Backlighting (or side backlighting) shooting, the light source is behind the subject (or on the left and right side of the shooting point). Backlit photography can enhance the texture of the subject and the rendering of the atmosphere, enhance the visual impact and the depth of the picture, make the photos taken rich in color, strong contrast, strong strength, strong sense of space and other characteristics. In backlight photography, using the light method is one of the most effective photography creation methods. Backlight photos can turn ordinary objects into charming images and beautify mediocre things, so it is a method commonly used in many photographic arts. However, due to the high contrast and many changes in backlight photography, most of the main parts are in the shadows. The ideal effect of shooting is not easy. The photographs often have dark front light and unsatisfactory light quality, which makes the contrast of the tone too large. , The levels of bright and dark tones are not ideal, and there is a shortcoming that the color texture on the front of the object is difficult to fully express. Some backlit works are photographed due to the influence of stray light, which causes unnecessary flare or fog in the picture. Direct Affects the performance of layers and tones. All of these require the production staff to master the characteristics of backlight photos, improve their artistic cultivation and aesthetics, make full use of advanced pre-press equipment and process technology in pre-press production processing, and accurately grasp the Information Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lin Qi's key technology for backlighting photos before watermarking handles the style of backlighting works, and chooses the best process method according to the photos and printing characteristics to improve the production quality. To sum up, we should pay attention to the following aspects. 1. Grasp the keynote of backlit photography Because backlighting works with light, the hue changes greatly and can form a variety of different color tones. Among the large number of backlit works, some are dominated by warm colors and some are dominated by cool colors. In addition, the tones of some pictures seem to be somewhat color cast, but they are actually pursued by the author deliberately, so they cannot be considered as color casts. Therefore, mastering the exact tone of the picture in the reproduction is the prerequisite for good color reproduction. For example, in the backlighting works with characters as the main body, the tone of the person's skin tone should be reasonably controlled when copying. The character's skin tone must have a proper sense of brightness, but it must be consistent with the tone of the overall picture to achieve harmony and unity. In this way, through color reproduction, the characteristics of the backlight works can be truly reflected. Second, pay attention to the light processing of backlight photography The characteristic of backlight photography is the full and accurate use of light. The manuscripts are very particular about the use of light. Therefore, to deal with the beauty of light before printing, first of all, it is necessary to distinguish whether the direction of the main light is side backlight or backlight. Distinguish between light-receiving surface, middle-tone surface and dark-tone surface. The brightness of the mid-tone surface cannot exceed or be flatter than the light-receiving surface; the brightness of the dark-tone surface cannot exceed or be flatter than the mid-tone surface. Taking a photo of a person as an example, if the dark relationship of the face is inverted or flattened, then even if the skin color is handled well, it still gives people a sense of discomfort, so it is impossible to simply emphasize the bright colors and lose the light and dark relationship of the face. The following points should be mastered in copying: (1) Pay attention to the light effect of the overall picture and have a strong sense of light. The page should be brand new and the contrast should be widened. The color of the light-receiving surface cannot be flat, and the dark tone should be deep; (2) The highlight should be bright, and the highlight points should be concentrated. The highlight part of the picture has the strongest sense of light. The area of ​​the highlight adjustment should be small. The smaller the area, the more concentrated the light, and the highlight can come out. The extremely high-gloss extremal net of this exquisite net requires rich levels of shallow tones to highlight the brightness of the high-gloss; (3) highlight the main light. Some manuscripts have messy light, which can't be distinguished from front light and backlight. Partial corrections need to be made on the manuscript to consciously focus the main light to the central key part of the screen, and compress the four-sided astigmatism to focus the sight, highlight the theme, and enhance the artistic effect; (4) handle the reflection. Note that the boundary line of the character's face when turning from the dark side to the reflection is obvious, and some reflections require artistic processing. Third, emphasize the light sense of the picture Photography uses light to describe the shape, color, tone level, perspective and texture of the subject. Therefore, we must pay attention to the light characteristics of the backlight works in the reproduction. Photos of different light angles (including the use of colored light) should be analyzed and studied in detail. In the reproduction, we must grasp the changes in the light of the picture, so that the bright part of the picture should be bright, and the dark place should be dark, maintaining a certain contrast, to achieve a clear and distant scene, rich layers, and good perspective and three-dimensional sense. Effect. For example, a close-up work of a character, a large area of ​​rich tones contrasts with a small area of ​​bright tones. And this small area of ​​bright tones plays a finishing touch in the picture. If you give up or ignore the effect of this small area of ​​bright tones in the reproduction, the picture will be dim and without light, and the charm and style of the character's backlighting will be lost. Fourth, grasp the performance of texture Backlit works also have an ideal expression of the surface texture of objects. Therefore, the reproduction of texture should also be emphasized in the reproduction. For example, for a piece of snow scene, in the reproduction, the contrast of tone contrast should be consciously strengthened, the level of bright tone and sub-bright tone should be improved, and a certain amount of color should be maintained to facilitate the expression of snow texture. For other types of backlighting works, you must also pay attention to the expression of texture, otherwise, you will lose the inherent characteristics of backlighting works. Fifth, the tone should be thick and bright Backlit works have the characteristics of rich hue, large color saturation, and strong density contrast. However, due to the restrictions of various specific conditions, the printed products are inferior to the original in terms of contrast contrast, color saturation, and gloss. Therefore, when copying, the color amount of each color version should be used sufficiently, and the vividness of the colors and the intensity of the layers should be paid attention to to reflect the characteristics of the heavy and bright colors of the backlighting works. For example, a backlighting work with a white kitten as the main body, the main body is in a dark and cool tone, the front of the cat is illuminated by warm colors, the edge of the cat body shows a cool color contour, and the front of the main body is in the middle of the echoing cold and warm Hue, forming a rich and heavy picture of color changes. In this regard, there are two points to note when copying: First, on the basis of ensuring the background color is heavy, handle the relationship between the main body, the outline light and the background color, to prevent the main body from being too bright and jumping out of the picture, affecting the harmonious and unified picture Effect; The second is to pay attention to the performance of the vividness of the main body's gradual outline to enhance the vividness of the entire picture to achieve a pleasing reproduction effect. Six, pay attention to the setting and adjustment of the middle tone Controlling the amount of color used in the middle tone is very important for the production of backlighting works. It can play the role of stabilizing the brightness and the amount of dark ink, and can avoid the phenomenon of light or dark tone. The reproduction of color reversal films should be based on maintaining bright colors, rich midtone layers, and thick dark tones, and appropriate compression tones, with a focus on compressing the amount of ink used in dark tones. In the reproduction of color photographs, it is necessary to consciously improve the clarity on the basis of controlling the middle tone, especially to emphasize the intensity of the bright tone. When copying a side-backlit work with a large light-receiving surface, few tone levels, and unsaturated colors, the amount of color should be appropriately increased on the basis of maintaining the level to achieve a harmonious and balanced reproduction of the hue. The setting and adjustment of the middle tone must first meet the visual habits of the human eye. A portrait photography photo, whether it is a forward light film or a backlight film, the middle tone is too light, the skin tone is lighter and thinner, the middle tone is too dark, the skin tone is darker and darker, even if the dot value is more than 5% brighter and darker, It will feel uncomfortable. The key to the three-point calibration of the backlight (side backlight) is to control the midpoint. In addition to using the midpoint control of the gray scale, it is more important to select a certain face as the control point. The trick is to select which face as the control point and how to scientifically convert the density to the dot value. According to the operating experience, the forehead should be used as the midpoint control point, and the dot value of the red version should be used as the reference. The density value of the forehead of the reversal film is 1.2, which is converted into a dot area not exceeding 50%, and controlled at 45% to 48%. When the density of the backlighting face is large, the sub-highlight is used as the white field calibration point, and the gradation curve is reduced by 10%, and the maximum black field calibration density value is used to fully express the middle and dark tone levels of the face. The black version The gradation curve is adjusted steeply, and the black version is used to open the gradation of the hair and the dark part of the face. If the facial light-tuning density is thin, the white field calibration density value should be small to deepen the bright tone color gradation; and the black field calibration density value should be small. According to the face density of portrait photography manuscripts, it is divided into three categories: ①Normal exposure. The density contrast contrast of the forward-looking photos and side-reflective films, the main body of the face is in bright and mid-tone, which is proportional to the brightness, and is in the best visual brightness range. Generally, by setting the highlight and dark tone to set the density value and the corresponding gradation curve and color correction, the gradation and color changes of the original skin color can be better reproduced without any modification or adjustment. ② Overexposure. For high-profile photos with low density contrast, the main part of the face is brighter and thinner, and the brightness is high, so you need to make some deeper adjustments. To reduce the brightness, move closer to the standard brightness to achieve better tone contrast and visual brightness. ③ Underexposure. Backlit photos with high density contrast, the main part of the face is darker and deeper, and the lightness is low, so some lightening is needed to improve the adjustment. On the one hand, on the basis of the automatically set highlight and dark tone density values, manually increase the set density values, which requires the loss of some highlight levels and the compression of some dark tone levels; Pull down the curve of the curve, reduce the 5% or the required dot value to improve the brightness, and move closer to the standard brightness to achieve better tone contrast and visual brightness. 7. Control tone contrast The wide range of density and the richness of color tone are another characteristic of backlighting works. In the case of limited print density range (about 1.8) and the color change is far less than the backlight works, should make full use of the process conditions of plate making and printing, use the dark tones of the black version enough, and control the level of bright tone And the amount of color, so that the color gamut of the replica is wide and vivid. Copy the backlit photo on the side, on the basis of controlling the stability of the middle tone, it is necessary to make the tone longer, to help express the three-dimensional feeling and perspective effect of the scene in the picture. Especially for scenery works, it is very necessary to make the tone longer, which is more conducive to expressing the characteristics of side backlight landscape works. In addition, in the process of copying, while keeping the middle tone, the brightness of the bright tone should be appropriately increased. If necessary, some local bright spots can be made into a net to enhance the crystal sense of the picture. The dark tone is thicker on the basis of maintaining the level, in order to strengthen the sense of space and three-dimensionality of the entire picture, maintain a good brightness ratio and color contrast, and achieve a pleasing reproduction effect. In actual work, for the works with brighter and flatter tone, the amount of color should be increased on the basis of maintaining clarity; for the works with dark tone, the color of a certain color version should be appropriately reduced while maintaining the appropriate tone. Volume, so as to achieve a good copy effect. Eight, the calibration points of each color version Some backlit and backlit human images have large dark areas on the face, high color density, and a yellowish brown or blackish brown hue. When calibrating, the dots of the yellow and red versions are more than 80%, and even reach 90%, which is close to the dot area of ​​the dark primary color (100%). Since the dots of this area change greatly during printing, even if the ink is printed according to the standard, the dark tone of the printed skin will be reddish, and it will show "fire", and then be graded with the deep primary color unsaturated. It is difficult to balance the two. If the printing takes into account the skin color and the amount of ink is small, the skin color is OK, but the dark primary color is not saturated; if the printing takes into account the dark primary color and the ink amount is sufficient, the dark skin tone is red. Therefore, this operational point is precisely the corresponding measures taken against this situation. Such a color separation film can achieve a good reproduction effect, and the printability is also good. If you encounter some original documents that have defects that cannot be divided into grades, the color adjustment should be based on the dark skin tone, and the red version should be controlled at about 75%. When the amount of dark primary color is not enough, then select this area for local deepening, so as to increase the distance between the two. Such a color-separated version not only makes the dark skin tone moderate, but also takes into account the saturation of the dark primary colors to achieve the best of both worlds. In short, in the pre-press production of backlight photos, we must carefully analyze the manuscript to see if the color cast, level, clarity, color saturation, etc. are good, fully understand the author ’s creative intentions and the artistic effects he wants to achieve And according to the advanced equipment before printing, the manuscript is processed and upgraded as necessary, so that the true artistic effect and printing quality of the work can be fully reflected.
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