Research on Polyurethane Adhesive for Packaging (2)

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3.2.2 Cold Hardness Solvent Type Polyurethane Adhesive

At present, many polyurethane adhesives have the problem of poor cold resistance. In long-term storage in cold areas (less than 0°C), crystals freeze and crystallize, losing their fluidity and causing inconvenience in use. In the synthesis of polyesters, ether bonds and aromatic rings (diethylene glycol, phthalic acid, etc.) are introduced. These polyesters are reacted with isocyanates to form adhesives and stored at lower temperatures (0 to 4°C). Crystallization does not occur when [25]; can also be added in the adhesive preparation of plasticizers (such as β-methyl-γ-valerolactone) to improve the low-temperature fluidity [26]; also reported in the literature [27] The use of low crystalline polyesters and the use of mixed isocyanates instead of single isocyanates improved the cold flow properties of polyurethane adhesives.

4 Solvent-free polyurethane adhesive

The use of solvent-free polyurethane adhesives for composite membranes began in Germany in 1974 and Japan introduced more than 60 production lines from 1977 to 1997. In Europe and the United States, the use of this solvent-free polyurethane adhesive to make composite films has accounted for more than 50%. Solvent-free polyurethane adhesives for the manufacture of composite membranes have now been developed to the third generation [28]: The first generation is a polyether or polyester isocyanate-based prepolymer, characterized by rapid viscosity changes, slow cure speeds, Carbon dioxide bubbles are easily generated; the second generation is a two-component type of hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers and isocyanate-terminated prepolymers. The disadvantage is that the coating device requires a precise automatic metering and mixing system, and the initial viscosity is low, for EVA ( (Polyvinyl acetate), aluminum foil and other poor adhesion; third generation is a two-component system based on the second generation of improved, not only good initial viscosity, and high temperature cooking, can be applied to the adhesion of aluminum foil.

5 non-toxic polyurethane adhesive

Polyurethane adhesives synthesized from aromatic isocyanates can only be used for universal food packaging composite films. With the gradual improvement of food manufacturing methods and sterilization methods, food packaging methods have also undergone new changes, and high-performance composite products—retorting bags are increasing. Aromatic isocyanates produce aromatic amines with potential carcinogenic effects due to hydrolysis of unreacted monomers or "fragments" resulting from thermal cracking, and should be used with caution in cooking bags. Non-toxic polyurethane adhesives are polyurethane adhesives synthesized from aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates (isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, etc.). When this type of adhesive is used in composite flexible packaging materials, it will not produce aromatic amine toxic substances after high temperature hydrolysis.

6 Domestic Development and Development Trends

In the international market, polyurethane adhesives for flexible packaging have the highest output and best quality in Japan. There are more than 300 dry compound production lines in Japan and require 12,000 tons of polyurethane glue annually. At present, there are more than 100 dry compound production lines in China, and more than 90% use polyurethane adhesives. In 1995, the domestic output of polyurethane composite adhesives for flexible packaging was around 4,000 tons. In 1997, it increased to about 6,000 tons, and it is still growing at a rapid rate each year. As shown in Table 1, the grades and related parameters of laminating adhesives produced by major manufacturers at home and abroad.





From the current development of polyurethane laminating adhesives, the following trends are mainly presented. (1) With the enhancement of people's environmental protection and hygiene awareness, polyurethane adhesives for flexible packaging will gradually turn to the application and development of low-pollution, resource-saving solvent-free, hot-melt, high-solids solvent-based and water-based polyurethane adhesives. (2) In the field of high-solids solvent-based and solvent-free polyurethane adhesives, recent research has focused on how to maintain a high solid content or no solvent while minimizing its performance degradation. Because both reduce or eliminate the solvent, in order to ensure the coating performance, both significantly reduce the molecular weight of the adhesive, resulting in a significant reduction in the initial viscosity, easy to appear in the composite process tunnels and other apparent defects. (3) In hot-melt adhesives, the main disadvantage is that the viscosity is relatively high (even when heated to 70 to 100°C), so the apparent quality of the coating is greatly affected, and the heat-resistance of the hot-melt polyurethane adhesive is also improved. Need to be further improved. (4) In the aspect of waterborne polyurethane adhesives, the use of emulsifiers or the introduction of hydrophilic ionic groups in the molecule has resulted in a decrease in water resistance. Recently, the research on improving the water resistance has become a hot topic. At the same time, due to the large thermal melting of water, it is one of the problems to be solved that how to increase the solid content and increase the drying rate.

Author/Tian Fuxue Chen Manli (Shenzhen Yale Optoelectronics Material Co., Ltd.

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