Aluminum alloy wheels have won the favor of more and more private car owners due to their beautiful appearance, safety and comfort. Now, almost all new models use aluminum alloy wheels, and many car owners and friends also replaced the original wheels used in the car with aluminum alloy wheels. Here, we will introduce the characteristics and maintenance methods of aluminum alloy wheels. main feature: 1. Security For high-speed cars, high-temperature tire punctures due to wheel hub deformation, braking, etc., and reduced braking efficiency are common occurrences. The thermal conductivity coefficient of aluminum platform gold is three times larger than that of steel and iron, and the heat dissipation effect is naturally much better, thereby enhancing the braking efficiency, improving the service life of tires and brake discs, and effectively ensuring the safe driving of cars. 2. Comfortable Cars equipped with aluminum alloy wheels generally use radial tires. Radial tires have better cushioning and shock absorption performance than ordinary tires. In this way, the comfort of the car will be greatly improved when driving on uneven roads or at high speeds. 3. Energy saving Due to the light weight of the aluminum wheel hub (approximately 2kg different from that of the aluminum or steel wheel of the same specification) and high manufacturing precision, the deformation during high-speed rotation is small and the inertial resistance is also small. This is conducive to improving the straight-line driving performance of the car and reducing the rolling resistance of the tires, thereby reducing fuel consumption. Maintenance method 1. When the temperature of the hub is high, it should be allowed to cool naturally before cleaning. Never use cold water to clean it. Otherwise, the aluminum alloy wheels will be damaged, and even the brake discs will be deformed to affect the braking effect. In addition, cleaning the aluminum hub with a detergent at high temperature will cause a chemical reaction on the surface of the hub, tarnishing and affecting the appearance. 2. When the tar is hard to remove on the hub, if the general cleaning agent is useless, you can use a brush to try to remove it, but do not use a hard brush, especially an iron brush, so as not to damage the surface of the hub. Here, I will introduce a remedy for the removal of asphalt to private car owners: that is, to use medicinal "living oil" for rubbing, you can get unexpected results, try it. 3. If the area where the vehicle is located is wet or close to the waterfront, the wheels should be cleaned frequently to avoid corrosion of the aluminum surface by salt. 4. After cleaning if necessary, the wheels can be waxed and maintained to make their gloss permanent. After the 1990s, China's die-casting industry has achieved amazing development and has developed into an emerging industry. At present, the aluminum alloy die-casting process has become one of the most widely used processes in automotive aluminum alloy forming processes, accounting for 49% of various automotive molding process methods. There are about 3,000 die-casting enterprises in China, and the output of die-casting parts has increased from 266,000 tons in 1995 to 870,000 tons in 2005, with an annual growth rate of more than 20%. 4 or more. The types of die-casting products in China are diversified, including automobiles, motorcycles, communications, household appliances, hardware products, power tools, IT, lighting, escalator steps, toy lights, etc. With the improvement of technical level and product development capabilities, the variety and application fields of die casting products have been continuously expanded, and their die casting equipment, die casting molds and die casting processes have undergone tremendous changes. Since the die-casting aluminum alloy was put into commercial production in 1914, with the development of the automobile industry and the invention of the cold chamber die-casting machine, it has developed rapidly. According to the performance, die-casting aluminum alloys are divided into two types: low-medium strength (such as China's Y102) and high-strength (such as China's Y112). At present, die-casting aluminum alloys for industrial applications mainly include the following major series: Al-Si, Al-Mg, Al-Si-Cu, Al-Si-Mg, Al-Si-Cu-Mg, Al-Zn, etc. The improvement of the mechanical properties of die-casting aluminum alloys is often accompanied by the decrease of the casting process performance. Due to its high-pressure rapid solidification characteristics, this contradiction is more prominent in some aspects. Therefore, it is difficult for general die-casting parts to undergo solution heat treatment, which restricts The improvement of the mechanical properties of die-cast aluminum alloys. Although oxygen-filled die-casting and vacuum die-casting are effective ways to improve the mechanical properties of alloys, it is still difficult to widely adopt them. Therefore, the development and research of new die-cast aluminum alloys has been ongoing. Advanced die-casting technology The early horizontal cold chamber die-casting machine's die-casting process only had a speed to send the molten metal into the mold, and the injection speed was only 1m-2m / s. With this process, the casting has many pores and loose structure. Soon it will be improved to two-level injection. The injection process is simply decomposed into two stages: slow and fast, but the rapid speed is only 3m / s. Increasing the density of the die-casting parts adds a stage of pressure increase after slow speed and fast speed. It becomes three stages of slow injection, fast injection and supercharging. Compared with ordinary die-casting method, vacuum die-casting method has the following characteristics: 1) Porosity is greatly reduced; (2) Vacuum die-casting has high hardness and fine microstructure; (3) Vacuum die-casting has high mechanical properties. Recently, vacuum die casting is mainly based on the extraction of gas from the cavity. There are two main forms: 1) direct extraction from the mold; (2) placing the mold in the vacuum box for extraction. When using vacuum die casting, the design of the location of the exhaust duct and the area of ​​the exhaust duct of the mold is crucial. There is a "critical area" in the exhaust duct, which is related to the amount of gas extracted in the cavity, the pumping time and the filling time. In the process of metal liquid filling, the liquid metal should be filled in the state of dispersion spray. The size of the sprue also has a great influence on the effect of oxygenated die casting. The proper sprue size can not only satisfy the molten metal filling the mold in the form of turbulent flow, but also prevent the temperature of the molten metal from dropping too fast. The highly dispersed distribution of oxides will not adversely affect the casting, but can increase the hardness of the casting and refine the structure after heat treatment. Oxygen-filled die casting can be used for Al, Mg and Zn alloys that react with oxygen. At present, the use of oxygen-filled die casting can produce various aluminum alloy castings, such as: hydraulic transmission housing, heat exchanger for heater, hydraulic transmission valve body, computer bracket, etc. For heat treatment or assembly welding, high air tightness and For die castings used at higher temperatures, oxygen-filled die casting has technical and economic advantages. Semi-solid die-casting technology Semi-solid die-casting is a technique of stirring when the liquid metal is solidified, obtaining a slurry of about 50% or higher solid phase component at a certain cooling rate, and then using the slurry for die casting. Semi-solid die-casting technology currently has two forming processes: flow forming process and thixoforming process. The former is to send liquid metal into a specially designed injection molding machine barrel, which is sheared by a screw device to cool it into a semi-solid slurry, and then die cast. The latter is to send solid metal particles or debris into a screw injection molding machine, and the metal particles are turned into a slurry under heating and shearing conditions and then die-casted. The key to the semi-solid die-casting process is the effective preparation of semi-solid alloy slurry, precise control of the proportion of solid-liquid components and the research and development of semi-solid forming process automation control. In order to realize the automatic production of semi-solid forming, American scientists believe that the following technologies need to be vigorously developed 1) Bar transportation with self-adaptability and flexibility; (2) Precision die casting lubrication and maintenance; (3) Controllable castings Cooling system; (4) Plasma degassing and treatment. Electromagnetic pump low-pressure casting Electromagnetic pump low-pressure casting is a newly emerging low-pressure casting process. Compared with the gas-type low-pressure casting technology, the pressure method is completely different. It uses non-contact electromagnetic force to directly act on the liquid metal, which greatly reduces the problems of oxidation and suction caused by the impure compressed air and the high partial pressure of oxygen in the compressed air, and realizes the smooth transportation of aluminum liquid. And filling, can prevent secondary pollution caused by turbulent flow. In addition, the electromagnetic pump system is completely computer-controlled, and the process execution is very accurate and repeatable, which makes aluminum alloy castings have obvious advantages in terms of yield, mechanical properties, surface quality, and metal utilization. With the continuous deepening of this technology, the technology has become more and more mature. Development of die-casting equipment Through the development in recent years, the design level, technical parameters, performance indicators, mechanical structure and manufacturing quality of China's die-casting machines have all been improved to varying degrees. In particular, cold chamber die-casting machines are The type mechanism is changed to a toggle type type mechanism. At the same time, automatic loading, automatic spraying, automatic parts picking, automatic cutting edge, etc. are also added. The electrical appliances are also changed from ordinary power control to computer control, and the control level is greatly improved. It has reached or approached the international level and is marching towards large-scale, automation and unitization. During this period, new domestic die casting machine companies have emerged one after another, of which Hong Kong Lijin Company is a typical representative. The company has developed a number of domestic leading die casting models, for example, the maximum air injection speed of horizontal cold chamber die casting machine is 6m / s (1997) and 8m / s (early 2000), magnesium alloy hot chamber die casting machine (early 2000) uniformly accelerated injection system (2002), maximum air injection rate of 10m / s and multi-stage injection molding system (2004) (June), real-time control of injection system (August 2004) and large die casting machine with clamping force of 30,000kN (July 2004), etc.
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