Bilang analyzes what is the cavitation effect of ultrasound

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Billan analyzes what is the cavitation effect of ultrasound.

What is the cavitation effect? ​​The cavitation effect means that the high-frequency oscillating signal is converted into high-frequency mechanical oscillation (both ultrasonic) by the ultrasonic transducer and propagates into the medium (both cleaning liquid), and the ultrasonic wave is in the cleaning liquid. Radiation causes the liquid to vibrate to produce tens of thousands of tiny bubbles that are generated and grown in the negative pressure zone formed by the longitudinal propagation of the ultrasonic waves, and rapidly closed in the positive pressure zone. This is called the cavitation effect.

There are many other interesting phenomena in the basic effects of cavitation. For example, from the point of view of energy amplification, an ultrasound with a sound pressure amplitude of 0.1 MPa can produce sonoluminescence in water, which corresponds to an energy density of about 2.2 J/cm3, or 4 x 10-10 eV/molecule. (eV is an electron volt unit, 1 eV=1.6021892×10-19J). It has recently been demonstrated that photons accompanying acoustic luminescence have energies in excess of 6 eV. Therefore, the energy amplification of the sound wave generated by the sound wave is approximately 1.5×1010. For comparison, consider a case where a thermal neutron causes a splittable isotope uranium, which has an energy of about 0.025 eV, which causes a fission release energy of about 200 MeV, and its energy amplification capability is only 0.8×1010!

Another example is a bubble that is deformed and vibrated at a rigid interface. Experiments have shown that in its closed phase, a jet that passes through the center of the bubble, breaks through the bubble wall, and rushes toward the interface. It also causes micro-flushing of the surrounding liquid.

From the energy density inside the bubble, the bubble quickly closes into the micron-sized vesicles, and its concentration can exceed 1012. Recently, the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States conducted cavitation and micro-Fusion experiments. In heavy water (D2O), there is abnormal heating accompanying ultrasonic cavitation and 3He and 4He nuclear dust are generated. The reaction rate is 1012-1013 Rx/s.

From the cooling rate, after the bubble collapses, the “hot spot” in the bubble suddenly cools, and the cooling rate reaches 108 K/s. This corresponds to the rapid cooling rate of the metal melt into liquid nitrogen.

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